|
Objectives
The course deals with accident and consequences modeling in industry. Three main lines are developed within the course: modeling of explosion, fire modeling and industrial fires. The modeling is elaborated by explaining general techniques for accident modeling illustrated by examples of applied methods.
In the end of the course a student will know:
- the importance of accident and consequences modeling in industry
- what is the difference between fire and explosion
- explosion mechanisms and fire principles
- general techniques for accident modeling
- to do simple calculation of consequence
Target Attendees / Participants
- Engineers (university level)
- Managers
- Inspectors
- Legislators
- Other professionals dealing with hazards and risk assessment.
Course Content by Units
Unit 1: Introduction to accident and consequences modeling
Unit 2: Modeling of Gas Explosions
- Explosion mechanisms
- Modeling explosion venting: Simple models; Phenomenological models; CDF models; Probabilistic analysis
Unit 3: Modeling of blast generated by vapor cloud explosions
- TNT
- ME-method/Baker-Strehlow
- CDF models
- Probabilistic analysis
Unit 4: Modeling of Gas Dispersion
- Emission: Two phase flow; Vessel blowdown; Vessel rupture; Vaporization
- Dispersion: Jets and plumes; Dense gas dispersion; CDF models
Unit 5: Industrial fires
- General - Industrial fires vs. fires in housing
- Two industrial fire examples
- Building regulations – an example
- Performance based design: Prescriptive codes vs. performance based design, Design fire scenarios
- Determination of fire load
Unit 6: Industrial fires
- Active fire protection: Heat and smoke ventilation, Automatic extinction systems, Oxygen reduction systems
- Silo fires
Unit 7: Fire modeling
- Introduction: Basic principles, Application of fire modeling,
- The phenomenon of a fire, Hierarchy of fire models
- Balance equations for mass, momentum and heat transfer (CFD models)
Unit 8: Fire modeling
- Closure laws for CFD models:
- Turbulence - The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes, model (RANS), The Large Eddy Simulation model (LES),
- Chemical reaction models - General concepts, Stoichiometric models, Reaction rate model,
- Mixture fraction,
- Radiation models
Unit 10: Fire modeling - Models
- Plume models
- Zone models
- CDF models
- Smoke models
- Egress models
Unit 11: Review of the main course issues and preparation for final exam
Unit 12: Final exam
Teaching Methods
The course includes:
- introductory note explaining aim and structure of the course, and used methodology as well
- ex cathedra lecturing illustrated by number of examples
- review of main topics in the end of each lecturing unit
- presentation of commonly used software tools and collective exercises
- preparation for final exam by repetition of all course units and main issues
- final exam
Literature
- Textbook:
Accident and Consequence Modeling, Version 2, May 2009
- Transparencies
Explosion Effects and Consequences
Gas Explosion, Basics
Explosion Venting
Dispersion
Emission
Examples of Gas Explosion Accidents
Vapor Cloud Explosions
Gas Explosion Mitigation
Stability
CoF Accident and Consequences Modeling – Gas Detonation
Industrial fires
Fire Modeling
Flacks
- Certification material, Version 2, May 2009
- Additional material:
McGrattan K, Fire Dynamics Simulator, user guide, NIST, 2006
Feryiger JH, Peric M, Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics third edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin Heidelnberg New York, 2002
Knaus C, Modellierung von Brandszenarien in Gebaeuden (Modeling of fire scenarios in buildings), PhD thesis, Technical, University of Vienna, Austria, 2009 (Germany)
Magnussen B.F., Hjertager B.H: On Mathematical Modeling of Turbulent Combustion with Special Emphasis on Soot Formation and Combustion. Comb. Inst., Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, pp. 719-729, 1976
|